Artificial intelligence offers new approaches to learning, teaching and academic work. At the same time, its use in these areas raises a number of ethical issues. AI modulates human cognitive functions such as data analysis, machine learning through the application of solutions to a multitude of similar tasks, image recognition, etc. Unlike previous systems, AI can create content (text, images, audio, video) rather than just search for it, and can also adapt to context.

AI can be used in the following cases:

• editing a manuscript or review written independently to check grammar and improve the wording of ideas;
• analysing large amounts of data;
• searching for and compiling a bibliography, provided that each publication is verified;
• translating abstracts of articles into foreign languages, provided that the accuracy of the translation is checked and the content is preserved.

The following is unacceptable:

• publishing a manuscript of an article generated or reworded by AI as your own work;
• creating false data, facts, or images (i.e., fabrication) with the help of AI;
• using unidentified sources;
• reviewing manuscript texts with the help of AI;
• relying on AI as the sole source of information.

Authors, reviewers, and editorial board members should be aware of the risks associated with the use of AI:

• the possibility of copyright infringement;
• the threat to personal data protection;
• the threat of AI creating immoral, offensive, inaccurate, and unethical content.